Essential Southern Right Whale Information
Southern right whales are large, slow-swimming whales that can grow up to 15 meters (50 feet) long and weigh up to 50 tons. They lack a dorsal fin, making them harder to spot in rough seas, and have distinctive patches of barnacles on their heads. Historically, they were heavily hunted, considered the "right whale to hunt" due to their high blubber content and tendency to float when killed. Today, fewer than 10,000 remain, and they are listed as endangered by CITES.
Physical Characteristics and Behavior
These whales are identified by their large, rotund bodies, lack of a dorsal fin, and patches of barnacles on their heads. Southern right whales are curious and often approach ships, displaying more surface activity than other whales. One notable behavior is "tail sailing," where they raise their flukes out of the water and catch the wind, likely as a form of play.
Habitat and Distribution
Southern right whales were once widespread but were severely impacted by commercial whaling, particularly in the Antarctic region. Their population is slowly recovering, but the exact number in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters, including around South Georgia and the Falkland Islands, is unknown. Travelers have a good chance of spotting them during passages between visitor sites in these areas.
Reproduction and Migration
Females return to their birthplace every three years to give birth, demonstrating strong maternal connections to specific locations. Males may follow the migration routes used by their mothers, indicating a familial link in their movements. Calving grounds are usually in warmer waters, but sightings of these whales occur throughout their migration.
Conservation Status
Despite being protected since 1937, some illegal hunting of southern right whales persisted until the 1970s, slowing population recovery. They are still considered endangered, but sightings are becoming more frequent as their numbers slowly increase.
Interesting Facts
- Tail Sailing: Southern right whales sometimes raise their flukes out of the water to catch the wind, a behavior thought to be play-related.
- No Dorsal Fin: These whales lack a dorsal fin, making them harder to spot in choppy waters.
- Maternal Bonds: Females return to their birthplaces to give birth, with strong familial connections guiding their migration.
